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Server
A dedicated computer system that generally runs databases, websites, etc. Servers are not used by people on a regular basis (as compared to workstations), but are rather used to run batch jobs, applications, and services.
Shell
A construct on Linux/UNIX distributions that provides for low-level access to the operating system and the applications and services running on it. For people familiar with Windows, a Linux shell is somewhat comparable to the Windows command prompt. Many administrative actions on Linux/Unix systems require that a user have access to a shell (often as the root user).
Shell Script
An executable program that can be run from a Linux/Unix shell (such as bash). Shell scripts are often bash scripts, but can also include tcsh scripts and other "true" shell scripts. More widely, shell scripts might included PHP, Python, or Perl scripts that are run from or executed from a shell prompt.
SLA
SLA (Service Level Agreement): Refers to a client’s requirement that servers / applications are online and working properly at least X percent of time (e.g. 99% uptime). See also Availability.
SNMP
From Wikipedia: Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an "Internet-standard protocol for managing devices on IP networks". Devices that typically support SNMP include routers, switches, servers, workstations, printers, modem racks and more. SNMP is used mostly in network management systems to monitor network-attached devices for conditions that warrant administrative attention.
A protocol/method for monitoring network devices and servers. Most switches and routers can be monitored using SNMP Some servers (Windows and Linux) can also be monitored with SNMP. Nagios xi support SNMP monitoring and includes SNMP wizards. SNMP is often used in "agentless" monitoring of servers and devices. Nagios Core and Nagios xi are capable of monitoring devices using SNMP - both by processing SNMP traps and by actively polling SNMP-enabled devices. SNMP Trap
From Wikipedia: SNMP traps enable a router, switch, operating system, or application to notify a management station of significant events by way of an unsolicited SNMP message.
Nagios Core and Nagios xi are capable of receiving and processing SNMP traps. snmptrapd
snmptrapd is an SNMP application that listens for and receives SNMP traps. It works in conjunction with SNMPTT - which further processes the traps that were received by snmptrapd.
SNMPTT
SNMPTT (SNMP Trap Translator) is an SNMP trap handler written in Perl for use with the Net-SNMP / UCD-SNMP snmptrapd program (www.net-snmp.org). It performs post-processing on traps that are received via the snmptrapd application. SNMPTT is useful when processing SNMP traps with Nagios Core or Nagios xi.
Solaris
A UNIX operating system.
Source
A source in Nagios Network Analyzer is the data collector. Outside of Nagios Network Analyzer a source is the location where data is originating from.
Source Group
A source group is a group of one or more sources (in Nagios Network Analyzer).
SSL
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer): A method of encrypting / protecting data communications. NRPE and several addons support SSL to protect the data that they transmit.
Sudo
Sudo allows system administrators on a Linux/Unix system to grant authority to non-administrator accounts to run certain privileged or restricted commands. An administrator assigns these permissions in the /etc/sudoers file.
SuSE
A commercial Linux distribution.
Switch
A device that is used to connect different computer systems and network devices together using network cables. A managed switch has an IP address an can be monitored, whereas an unmanaged switch does not have an address and cannot be monitored.
Synthetic Transaction
See Web Transaction
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